How can the DNP-prepared nurse apply the concepts of a complex adaptive system to individual patient care?
DNP 815 W7 Discussion Question One
How can the DNP-prepared nurse apply the concepts of a complex adaptive system to individual patient care? Provide examples.
The term complex adaptive systems, or complexity science, is often used to describe the loosely organized academic field that has grown up around the study of such systems. Complexity science is not a single theory—it encompasses more than one theoretical framework and is interdisciplinary, seeking the answers to some fundamental questions about living, adaptable, changeable systems.
DNP 815 W7 Discussion Question One
DNP 815 W7 Discussion Question One
Complex adaptive systems may adopt hard or softer approaches.[8] Hard theories use formal language that is precise, tend to see agents as having tangible properties, and usually see objects in a behavioral system that can be manipulated in some way. Softer theories use natural language and narratives that may be imprecise, and agents are subjects having both tangible and intangible properties. Examples of hard complexity theories include Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) and Viability Theory, and a class of softer theory is Viable System Theory. Many of the propositional consideration made in hard theory are also of relevance to softer theory. From here on, interest will now center on CAS.
The study of CAS focuses on complex, emergent and macroscopic properties of the system.[4][9][10] John H. Holland said that CAS “are systems that have a large numbers of components, often called agents, that interact and adapt or learn”.
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Typical examples of complex adaptive systems include: climate; cities; firms; markets; governments; industries; ecosystems; social networks; power grids; animal swarms; traffic flows; social insect (e.g. ant) colonies;[12] the brain and the immune system; and the cell and the developing embryo. Human social group-based endeavors, such as political parties, communities, geopolitical organizations, war, and terrorist networks are also considered CAS.[12][13][14] The internet and cyberspace—composed, collaborated, and managed by a complex mix of human–computer interactions, is also regarded as a complex adaptive system.[15][16][17] CAS can be hierarchical, but more often exhibit aspects of “self-organization”.[18]
The term complex adaptive system was coined in 1968 by sociologist Walter F. Buckley[19][20] who proposed a model of cultural evolution which regards psychological and socio-cultural systems as analogous with biological species.[21] In the modern context, complex adaptive system is sometimes linked to memetics,[22] or proposed as a reformulation of memetics.[23] Michael D. Cohen and Robert Axelrod however argue the approach is not social Darwinism or sociobiology because, even though the concepts of variation, interaction and selection can be applied to modelling ‘populations of business strategies’, for example, the detailed evolutionary mechanisms are often distinctly unbiological.[24] As such, complex adaptive system is more similar to Richard Dawkins‘s idea of replicators.
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